Skip to main content

Rangkaian Sensor Infrared dengan Photo Dioda

Image

Keunggulan photodioda dibandingkan LDR adalah photodioda lebih tidak rentan terhadap noise karena hanya menerima sinar infrared, sedangkan LDR menerima seluruh cahaya yang ada termasuk infrared.

Rangkaian yang akan kita gunakan adalah seperti gambar di bawah ini.



Pada saat intensitas Infrared yang diterima Photodiode besar maka tahanan Photodiode menjadi kecil, sedangkan jika intensitas Infrared yang diterima Photodiode kecil maka tahanan yang dimiliki photodiode besar.

Jika tahanan photodiode kecil maka tegangan V- akan kecil. Misal tahanan photodiode mengecil menjadi 10kOhm. Maka dengan teorema pembagi tegangan:

V- = Rrx/(Rrx + R2) x Vcc
V- = 10 / (10+10) x Vcc
V- = (1/2) x 5 Volt
V- = 2.5 Volt

Sedangkan jika tahanan photodiode besar maka tegangan V- akan besar (mendekati nilai Vcc). Misal tahanan photodiode menjadi 150kOhm. Maka dengan teorema pembagi tegangan:

V- = Rrx/(Rrx + R2) x Vcc
V- = 150 / (150+10) x Vcc
V- = (150/160) x 5 Volt
V- = 4.7 Volt

Sekarang kita akan melihat trimpot. Trimpot adalah komponen pembagi tegangan dengan mengubah nilai resistansi yang ada di dalamnya. Dalam rangkaian ini maka nilai trimpot akan berkisar antara 5 Volt sampai 0 Volt. Nilai tegangan trimpot ini akan mempengaruhi nilai V+ yang diterima komparator sebagai nilai referensi komparator.

Komparator dalam rangkaian ini berfungsi untuk menghasilkan tegangan sebesar 0 Volt atau 5 Volt pada output komparator.
Jika V+ lebih dari V- maka output komparator = 5 Volt
Jika V+ kurang dari V- maka output komparator = 0 Volt.


Misal kita mengatur besar V+ dengan cara memutar putaran pada trimpot hingga dihasilkan tegangan sebesar 3.5 Volt.
Pada saat intensitas infrared besar yang mengakibatkan tahanan Photodiode mengecil menjadi 10 kOhm dan mengakibatkan V- = 2.5 Volt maka output komparator menjadi 5 Volt.
Pada saat intensitas infrared kecil yang mengakibatkan tahanan Photodiode membesar menjadi 150 kOhm dan mengakibatkan V- = 4.7 Volt maka output komparator menjadi 0 Volt.

Untuk pengujian kita dapat menggunakan LED sebagai indikator rangkaian seperti gambar berikut ini.

Penghubungan Output komparator dengan Vcc bertujuan sebagai rangkaian PullUp. Hal ini dikarenakan arus yang keluar dari komparator begitu kecil sehingga walaupun memiliki nilai tegangan sebesar 5Volt tidak dapat diterima beban (dalam rangkaian diatas beban adalah LED). Dengan penambahan Vcc,
ketika tegangan output dari komparator berniali 0 Volt maka arus dari Vcc lebih banyak memilih mengalir menuju output komparator yang bernilai 0 Volt dan tanpa beban.
ketika tegangan output dari komparator bernilai 5 Volt maka arus dari Vcc akan banyak mengalir menuju LED kemudian ke ground yang mengakibatkan LED menyala.

Skematik Komparator



Penempatan Pin IC LM339M yang berisi 4 buah komparator



Labels:

Comments

  1. UnknownDecember 14, 2020 at 6:21 PM

    Itu pake photodioda ama ir led yg ukuran berapa? 3 apa 5?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Luki B. SubektiDecember 15, 2020 at 2:57 PM

      bisa pakai keduanya, 5mm atau pun 3mm.
      kalau 5mm jarak penempatan komponen bisa dibuat lebih renggang.
      kalau untuk percobaan awal, pakai 5mm saja.

      Delete
  2. AnonymousJune 23, 2021 at 1:25 PM

    Kalo umpama antara Ir LED sama photodiode beda ukuran bisa kah?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Luki B. SubektiJune 23, 2021 at 2:16 PM

      bisa, tidak masalah. tapi besarnya LED (intensitas cahayanya) pasti akan mempengaruhi besarnya tahanan dari photodiode yang dihasilkan.

      misal, dari contoh di tulisan di atas, ketika photodiode menerima pantulan cahaya dari LED, tahanannya menjadi 10kOhm.
      namun misal, LED diganti dengan yang intensitasnya lebih kecil, ketika photodiode menerima pantulan cahaya yang lebih sedikit, mungkin tahanannya membesar menjadi 50kOhm.

      akibatnya tegangan referensi komparator (V+) perlu disesuaikan (dengan mengatur trimpot). untuk contoh ini, karena tahanan photodiode menjadi lebih besar, V- akan menjadi lebih besar, sehingga V+ dapat dinaikkan misal menjadi 3.8V dari yang sebelumnya 3.5V.

      Delete
  3. AnonymousAugust 16, 2022 at 1:50 PM

    Cara kerjanya gimana ya kak?

    ReplyDelete
  4. AnonymousJanuary 24, 2023 at 10:53 AM

    Trimpot sudah d putar tp nilai reasuransi tidak berubah..ketika photodioda kondisi gelap.nilai resitandi naik.. kira2 rangkaian apa yg rusak ya mas?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Luki B. SubektiJanuary 24, 2023 at 1:58 PM

      kalau nilai resistansi atau tegangan keluaran trimpot tidak berubah ketika diputar, kemungkinan besar trimpotnya rusak. coba ganti dengan trimpot yang baru.

      untuk pengetesan, pisahkan rangkaian trimpot dari rangkaian utama terlebih dahulu, ukur tegangan keluaran trimpot terpisah dari rangkaian utama.

      Delete
  5. AnonymousAugust 23, 2025 at 2:35 PM

    Apakah komparator bisa diganti menjadi op amp 741? Trimpot yang digunakan berapa ohm?

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Deploying a Web Server on UpCloud using Terraform Modules

In my earlier post , I shared an example of deploying UpCloud infrastructure using Terraform from scratch. In this post, I want to share how to deploy the infrastructure using available Terraform modules to speed up the set-up process, especially for common use cases like preparing a web server. For instance, our need is to deploy a website with some conditions as follows. The website can be accessed through HTTPS. If the request is HTTP, it will be redirected to HTTPS. There are 2 domains, web1.yourdomain.com and web2.yourdomain.com . But, users should be redirected to "web2" if they are visiting "web1". There are 4 main modules that we need to set up the environment. Private network. It allows the load balancer to connect with the server and pass the traffic. Server. It is used to host the website. Load balancer. It includes backend and frontend configuration. Dynamic certificate. It is requ...
33 comments
Read more

Configuring Swap Memory on Ubuntu Using Ansible

If we maintain a Linux machine with a low memory capacity while we are required to run an application with high memory consumption, enabling swap memory is an option. Ansible can be utilized as a helper tool to automate the creation of swap memory. A swap file can be allocated in the available storage of the machine. The swap file then can be assigned as a swap memory. Firstly, we should prepare the inventory file. The following snippet is an example, you must provide your own configuration. [server] 192.168.1.2 [server:vars] ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_private_key_file=~/.ssh/id_rsa Secondly, we need to prepare the task file that contains not only the tasks but also some variables and connection information. For instance, we set /swapfile  as the name of our swap file. We also set the swap memory size to 2GB and the swappiness level to 60. - hosts: server become: true vars: swap_vars: size: 2G swappiness: 60 For simplicity, we only check the...
3 comments
Read more

What's Good About Strapi, a Headless CMS

Recently, I've been revisiting Strapi as a solution for building backend systems. I still think this headless CMS can be quite useful in certain cases, especially for faster prototyping or creating common websites like company profiles or e-commerce platforms . It might even have the potential to handle more complex systems. With the release of version 5, I'm curious to know what updates it brings. Strapi has launched a new documentation page, and it already feels like an improvement in navigation and content structure compared to the previous version. That said, there's still room for improvement, particularly when it comes to use cases and best practices for working with Strapi. In my opinion, Strapi stands out with some compelling features that could catch developers' attention. I believe three key aspects of Strapi offer notable advantages. First, the content-type builder feature lets us design the data structure of an entity or database model , including ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Installing VSCode Server Manually on Ubuntu

I've ever gotten stuck on updating the VSCode server on my remote server because of an unstable connection between my remote server and visualstudio.com that host the updated server source codes. The download and update process failed over and over so I couldn't remotely access my remote files through VSCode. The solution is by downloading the server source codes through a host with a stable connection which in my case I downloaded from a cloud VPS server. Then I transfer the downloaded source codes as a compressed file to my remote server through SCP. Once the file had been on my remote sever, I extracted them and align the configuration. The more detailed steps are as follows. First, we should get the commit ID of our current VSCode application by clicking on the About option on the Help menu. The commit ID is a hexadecimal number like  92da9481c0904c6adfe372c12da3b7748d74bdcb . Then we can download the compressed server source codes as a single file from the host. ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Free Cloud Services from UpCloud

Although I typically deploy my development environment or experimental services on UpCloud , I do not always stay updated on its announcements. Recently, I discovered that UpCloud has introduced a new plan called the Essentials plan, which enables certain cloud services to be deployed at no cost. The complimentary services are generally associated with network components or serve as the foundation for other cloud services. This feature is particularly useful when retaining foundational services, such as a load balancer, is necessary, while tearing down all services and reconfiguring the DNS and other application settings each time we temporarily clean up infrastructure to reduce costs is undesirable.  When reviewing the service specifications of the cloud services in the Essentials plan, they appear to be very similar to those in the Development plan. The difference in service levels is unclear, but it could be related to hardware or resource allocation. For instance, the loa...
Post a Comment
Read more